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Joseph Schleifstein
Joseph Schleifstein (born March 7, 1941) is a Polish-born American who survived Buchenwald concentration camp at the age of four, one of the youngest to survive the Holocaust. He was hidden by his father in a large sack, enabling him to avoid detection by SS guards when arriving at the camp. Other prisoners helped his father keep him hidden and Schleifstein survived until the Americans liberated the camp. After the war, Schleifstein and his parents emigrated to the United States. He did not discuss his wartime experiences for decades, even with his children. His case was discovered by chance in 1999, leading to a search for him and an eventual newspaper interview.
==Survival==
Schleifstein〔Schleifstein means "grindstone" or "grinding wheel" in German and Yiddish. Szlajfstajn was the phonetic spelling of the name in Polish.〕 was born Josef (Janek) Szlajfsztajn to Israel and Esther Szlajfsztajn in the Jewish ghetto outside Sandomierz, Poland during the German occupation.〔Stewart Ain, ("A Real-Life ‘Life Is Beautiful’" ) ''The Jewish Week'' (March 26, 1999). Retrieved March 20, 2011〕〔("Portrait of Joseph Schleifstein wearing his old Buchenwald uniform." ) United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved March 18, 2011〕 Schleifstein and his parents lived in the Sandomierz ghetto until it was evacuated in June 1942,〔 after which they were moved to the Częstochowa ghetto, where his parents were likely put to work in the HASAG factory.〔 Schleifstein's parents kept him hidden in cellars〔Stewart Ain, ("'Life is Beautiful' Child Breaks 50-Year Silence" ) ''The Jewish Week'' (April 2, 1999). Retrieved March 18, 2011〕 because Nazi guards would take children, too young to be used as laborers and therefore "useless", and send them to the gas chambers at Auschwitz.〔 Schleifstein's memories of being hidden in cellars and dark places haunted him for years, causing him "terrible nightmares", giving him a fear of death and lifelong aversion to being in the dark.〔
In 1943, the family was deported to Buchenwald concentration camp.〔 On arrival, Schleifstein's parents were sent to the right to become slave laborers and he was sent to the left, to the group of small children and elderly〔 or otherwise deemed unfit for work, who were to be killed immediately. The 1947 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) document that first brought Schleifstein's case to light, notes that “In the general confusion of lining up, however, Joseph’s father found a large sack and, with a stern warning to keep absolutely quiet, placed his 2 1/2-year-old child in it."〔 The sack, containing the father's leather crafting tools and some clothing, allowed Schleifstein to be smuggled into the camp, undetected by the guards.〔 Schleifstein's mother was sent to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.〔 Those who had lined up on the left were all sent to their deaths.〔
For a time, Schleifstein was hidden by his father with the help of two anti-fascist German prisoners,〔〔Bill Niven, (''The Buchenwald Child: Truth, Fiction and Propaganda'' ) at Google Books. Camden House (2007), page 48. ISBN 978-1-57113-339-7. Retrieved March 18, 2011〕 but he was eventually discovered. The SS guards took a liking to him and came to treat him as a "camp mascot", having a small camp uniform made for him and having him take part in morning appells,〔 where he would salute the guard and report, "All prisoners accounted for."〔 Nonetheless, when there were formal inspections by visiting Nazi officials, Schleifstein had to be hidden〔 and he said he was once lined up for execution but was saved by his father's intervention.〔 His father was valued for his service making saddles and harnesses.〔 Schleifstein also said at one point, he became very ill and had to live at the camp hospital.〔
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